GB/T 13061-2017 PDF English
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Technical specification of air spring used for air suspension of commercial vehicle
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| GB/T 13061-1991 | English | 239 |
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Air spring for automotive suspension. Rubber bellows
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PDF Preview: GB/T 13061-2017
GB/T 13061-2017: PDF in English (GBT 13061-2017) GB/T 13061-2017
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 43.080
T 22
Replacing GB/T 13061-1991
Technical specification of air spring used for air
suspension of commercial vehicle
ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 14, 2017
IMPLEMENTED ON: MAY 01, 2018
Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and
Quarantine of PRC;
Standardization Administration of PRC.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative references ... 5
3 Terms and definitions ... 6
4 Technical requirements ... 8
5 Test methods ... 9
Appendix A (Informative) Physical-mechanical performance requirements and
test methods of rubber compounds of bellows ... 13
Appendix B (Normative) Legend of typical elastic-properties of air springs ... 15
Technical specification of air spring used for air
suspension of commercial vehicle
1 Scope
This standard specifies the technical requirements and test methods for air
spring products for the air suspensions of commercial vehicles.
This standard applies to the air suspensions of commercial vehicles. The air
springs for other non-air suspension, non-commercial vehicles or non-vehicle
may make reference to this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents are essential to the application of this document. For
the dated documents, only the versions with the dates indicated are applicable
to this document; for the undated documents, only the latest version (including
all the amendments) are applicable to this standard.
GB/T 528 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of tensile
stress-strain properties
GB/T 531.1 Rubber vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of
indentation hardness - Part 1: Durometer method (Shore hardness)
GB/T 1682 Rubber, vulcanized - Determination of low-temperature
brittleness - Single test piece method
GB/T 2941 Rubber - General procedures for preparing and conditioning test
pieces for physical test methods
GB/T 3512 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Accelerated ageing and
heat resistance tests
GB/T 7759 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of
compression set at ambient elevated or low temperatures
GB/T 7762 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Resistance to ozone
cracking - Static strain testing
GB/T 13934 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Determination of flex
cracking and crack growth (De Mattia)
Maximum outer diameter
In the service life period, including the test process of fatigue life, the
maximum outer diameter of the air spring within a certain inflation pressure,
including the maximum inflation pressure and the maximum stroke range.
3.12
Air spring volume
The volume of gas that the air spring can hold.
4 Technical requirements
4.1 Technical requirements for air spring assembly
4.1.1 The general use temperature of the air spring is -30 °C ~ 57 °C. For the
air springs which have special use requirements (such as beyond this
temperature range, oil resistance, etc.), it is determined by the supplier and the
user through negotiation; and it is permanently identified on the air spring.
4.1.2 At the standard height and telescopic process of air spring, the air-
tightness requirements are as specified in 5.5.2. The maximum stroke and
maximum outer diameter shall meet the design requirements.
4.1.3 The 24-h pressure drop of the air spring shall not exceed 0.05 MPa.
4.1.4 The destructive internal pressure of the air spring is not less than 2.5 times
the maximum pressure.
4.1.5 Under the conditions as specified in 5.5.6, the fatigue life of the air spring’s
frame shall not be less than 3 million times.
4.2 Technical requirements for each component of air spring
4.2.1 The physical-mechanical properties of the rubber compound of air
spring’s bellow may be found in Appendix A.
4.2.2 The appearance quality of each component of the air spring shall meet
the following requirements:
a) The cord fabric of bellows shall not be exposed.
b) The inner and outer surfaces of the bellow shall not have cracks, damage
or foreign matter included into the rubber layer. The rollover area and
sealing surface shall not have lack of rubber or blistering; whilst the
diameter of blister in other areas shall not exceed 5 mm. The number of
locations of lack of rubber shall not exceed 3; the length of each location
5.4.4 All of the above tests require a gas supply (water) system capable of
indicating and regulating the pressure, as well as a special clamp capable of
fixing the air spring to the test machine.
5.4.5 The physical-mechanical properties of the rubber compound are tested
on the corresponding equipment with reference to Appendix A.
5.5 Test procedure
5.5.1 Physical-mechanical property test of rubber compound
The physical-mechanical properties of the rubber compound used to make the
bellow are as shown in Appendix A.
5.5.2 Airtightness test
Adjust the air spring to the standard height. Inflate to 1.3 times the standard
pressure. Hold for 30 s. After it stabilizes, reduce the pressure of the air spring
to the standard pressure. Close the inflation and exhaust valves. Record the
pressure value. Maintain it at stationary status. After 24 hours, measure the
pressure drop. If it is not more than 0.05 MPa, it is qualified.
5.5.3 Test of elastic-properties
5.5.3.1 Preparation for test
Before the test, it shall adjust the air spring to the standard status. Disconnect
the air source. Within the maximum stroke, let it stretch and retract at the rate
of not more than 300 mm/min for 50 times. Measure the maximum outer
diameter of the air spring during the telescopic process. Check whether the air
spring has abnormal deformation and air leakage during the telescopic process.
5.5.3.2 Dynamic elastic-property test
Adjust the air spring to the standard height. Use the method of changing the
pressure from the maximum pressure to 0.10 MPa and a decrease of 0.10 MPa,
to fill in the compressed air. Under each air pressure, disconnect the air source.
At the amplitude of ±50 mm and frequency of 0.4 Hz, carry out 10 cycles of
perpendicular vibrations. Continuously record the load-deformation curve and
the pressure-deformation curve of the last cycle as the dynamic elastic-property
curve of the air spring. Among them, the slope of the load-deformation curve is
the dynamic stiffness value.
For the hysteresis loop as obtained by the test, it may use the average value of
the applied/removed load or deformation as the elastic-property curve without
hysteresis. The schematic curves are as shown in Figure B.1 and Figure B.3 of
Appendix B.
First use water to fill the air spring, to discharge the air from inside of the air
spring. Then adjust the air spring to the maximum stretching status and ensure
the water pressure is at 0.50 MPa.
From the maximum stretching position of the air spring, for each 10 mm
decrease in height, read out the discharged water amount according to the flow
sensor or the measuring cup. Meanwhile measure its maximum outer diameter
and record it, until the air spring reaches the maximum compression status.
Record the volume of remaining water.
The above measurement process shall be carried out under the specified water
pressure and thereby determine the volume curve of the air spring.
5.5.5 Destructive test
Fix the air spring at a standard height. At a rate of not exceeding 1.00 MPa/min,
slowly fill the high-pressure water into the air spring, until the bellow is broken.
Record the maximum water pressure before the bellow is damaged. Use this
pressure as the destructive pressure of bellow.
5.5.6 Test of frame’s fatigue life
Adjust the air spring to the standard height and 0.70 MPa air pressure.
Disconnect the air source. It is recommended to use a single-swing arm which
has an arm length of 600 mm or a symmetric two-way swing arm. The hinge
point is located at ±30 mm on the air spring’s installation surface. At the
frequency of 2.0 Hz ~ 3.0 Hz and the amplitude of ±50 mm, repeat vibrations.
During the test, according to the actual test conditions, it may use the cooling
method.
Before and during the test of air spring, at the interval of 24 h, carry out
airtightness test. Measure the test pressure and the maximum outer diameter
at the standard height. During the measurement, it shall ensure that the
temperature and status of the air spring are the same as previously.
When the 24-h pressure drop of the air spring reaches 0.10 MPa or the surface
cord fabric of bellow is exposed, it is considered that the air spring has been
damaged. Stop the test. Use this cumulative number of vibrations as the
number of tests of frame’s fatigue tests of the air spring.
When the air spring reaches the specified number of vibrations without damage,
it may stop test. However, it shall indicate the 24-h pressure drop and outer
diameter at this time.
The test may be carried out intermittently. But the time when an air spring
vibrates for 3 million times shall be not more than 40 days.
The test of physical-mechanical properties of the rubber compound are carried
out on the corresponding equipment as specified in A.3.4.
A.2.3 Test methods
A.2.3.1 Tensile test
The test of tensile strength, elongation at break, permanent deformation at
break of rubber compound of bellow are carried out according to the provisions
of GB/T 528, using a type-1 dumbbell specimen.
A.2.3.2 Test of compression set
The test of compression set of the rubber compound of bellow is carried out
according to the method as specified in GB/T 7759.
A.2.3.3 Test of hardness
The hardness test of the rubber compound of bellow is carried out in
accordance with the provisions of GB/T 531.1.
A.2.3.4 Flexural test
The flexural test of the rubber compound of bellow is according to the provisions
of GB/T 13934. The specimen is bent for 1 million times at a rate of (300 ± 10)
times per minute. Check whether there is crack in the groove of the specimen.
A.2.3.5 Test of low-temperature resistance
The test of low-temperature resistance of the rubber compound of bellow is
carried out according to the provisions of GB/T 1682. Determine the brittleness
temperature of the rubber compound.
A.2.3.6 Test of thermal-air aging
The test of thermal-air aging of the rubber compound of bellow is carried out
according to the provisions of GB/T 3512, using the type-1 dumbbell specimen.
Determine the change rate of tensile strength, the change rate of elongation at
break, the change of hardness of the rubber compound after thermal aging.
A.2.3.7 Test of ozone-aging resistance
The test ozone-aging resistance of the rubber compound of bellow is carried
out according to the method A as specified in GB/T 7762. The test conditions
are that the ozone concentration is (50 ± 5) × 10-8 (volume fraction), the test
temperature is (40 ± 2) °C, to make the specimen produce an elongation of (20
± 2) %. The placement time is 72 h.
......
Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
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