GB/T 3249-2022 PDF English
Search result: GB/T 3249-2022_English: PDF (GB/T3249-2022)
Standard ID | Contents [version] | USD | STEP2 | [PDF] delivered in | Name of Chinese Standard | Status |
GB/T 3249-2022 | English | 185 |
Add to Cart
|
0-9 seconds. Auto-delivery.
|
Test method for Fisher number of metal powders and related compounds
| Valid |
GB/T 3249-2009 | English | 399 |
Add to Cart
|
3 days
|
Test method for fisher number of metal powders and related compounds
| Obsolete |
GB/T 3249-1982 | English | 279 |
Add to Cart
|
3 days
|
Standard method for determination of particle size of powders of refractory metals and compounds--Fisher method
| Obsolete |
BUY with any currencies (Euro, JPY, GBP, KRW etc.): GB/T 3249-2022 Related standards: GB/T 3249-2022
PDF Preview: GB/T 3249-2022
GB/T 3249-2022: PDF in English (GBT 3249-2022) GB/T 3249-2022
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 77.160
CCS H 21
Replacing GB/T 3249-2009
Test Method for Fisher Number of Metal Powders and
Related Compounds
ISSUED ON: MARCH 09, 2022
IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 2022
Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation;
Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.
Table of Contents
Foreword ... 3
1 Scope ... 5
2 Normative References ... 5
3 Terms and Definitions ... 5
4 Principle ... 6
5 Apparatus ... 8
6 Sample ... 9
7 Inspection and Calibration of Instrument ... 9
8 Test Procedures ... 11
9 Test Data Processing ... 12
10 Precision ... 13
11 Test Report ... 13
Bibliography ... 15
Test Method for Fisher Number of Metal Powders and
Related Compounds
1 Scope
This Document specifies a test method for Fisher number of metal powders of related
compounds.
This Document is applicable to the determination of the Fisher number of metal powders and
related compounds (carbides, nitrides and oxides, etc.) with a powder particle size of 0.5μm to
50μm.
This Document does not apply to powder particles with poor axial symmetry and irregular
shapes (such as flakes and fibers, etc.), neither does it apply to mixtures of different powders
and powders containing binders or lubricants. If necessary, it shall be adopted by the relevant
parties after consultation.
2 Normative References
The provisions in following documents become the essential provisions of this Document
through reference in this Document. For the dated documents, only the versions with the dates
indicated are applicable to this Document; for the undated documents, only the latest version
(including all the amendments) is applicable to this Document.
GB/T 3500 Powder Metallurgy - Vocabulary
GB/T 37561 Standard Practice for De-Agglomeration of Refractory Metal Powders and
Their Compounds Prior to Particle Size Analysis
3 Terms and Definitions
For the purposes of this Document, the terms and definitions given in GB/T 3500 and the
following apply.
3.1 Fisher sub-sieve sizer
An instrument that uses the air permeability principle to measure the envelope surface area of
the powder.
3.2 Envelope-specific surface area
The surface area of the powder measured according to the measurement method specified in
ISO 10070.
3.3 Air permeability
The pressure-drop of air through the powder sample layer.
3.4 De-agglomeration
The process of breaking down agglomerated powder particles.
3.5 Fisher number
The average particle size calculated by conversion on the premise that all particles are spherical
and single in size.
3.6 Fisher calibration tube
Ruby standard tube with precise aperture, the value of the standard tube is precisely calibrated.
3.7 Porosity of a bed of powder
The ratio of the powder bed pore volume to the total powder bed volume.
3.8 Agglomerate
Aggregation formed by several particles sticking together.
4 Principle
The determination of Fisher number adopts the air permeability method. It is assumed that the
powder is spherical particles with uniform particle size, smooth surface and no internal pores.
Under the condition of constant flow or pressure, the air permeability or resistance is measured.
Since the air permeability of the powder sample layer is related to the envelope-specific surface
area of the powder, from which the specific surface area can be calculated; and then converted
into the average diameter of the volume surface area, which is used to express the Fisher number.
According to the air permeability method, the powder Fisher number is calculated according to
Formula (1):
Where:
The Fischer calibration tube, also known as the ruby standard tube, is a standard sample used
to measure the average particle size, so that the measurement data of different operators can be
compared. The ruby standard tube has been tested three times when leaving the factory, and the
measurement results and their associated porosity are engraved on the ruby standard tube.
5.3 Sample filling device
5.3.1 Adjust according to the instruction manual of the instrument. When adjusting, the porous
plug and filter paper shall not be inserted into the sample tube, but shall be stacked together and
placed between the support column and the bottom of the holder.
5.3.2 A special baseline gauge can be used to replace the porous plug and filter paper for
adjustment. The height of the gauge is 19.30 mm ± 0.10 mm.
5.4 Balance
The weighing range of the balance is at least 50g, and the calibration division value is 0.001g.
6 Sample
6.1 The samples to be tested should be uniform and representative.
6.2 The total amount of samples shall be more than twice the true density value.
6.3 The sample shall be dry and there shall be no agglomeration. If the powder sample has
agglomeration, it shall affect the measurement result. It is recommended to de-agglomerate or
grind the powder and conduct the test. The de-agglomeration shall be carried out in accordance
with the provisions of GB/T 37561.
6.4 The sample shall not be deformed, agglomerated or broken when pressure is applied; and
shall be properly stored to prevent oxidation.
7 Inspection and Calibration of Instrument
7.1 Inspection
7.1.1 Inspect that the position of the beam of the particle size indicator needle shall be parallel
to the baseline of the reading plate, and it shall coincide with the porosity indicator needle when
falling. The rack shall be perpendicular to the baseline of reading plate when moving up and
down.
7.1.2 The height of the porous plug shall be inspected regularly to ensure that the height of the
porous plug is consistent.
7.1.3 The pressure gauge and fine-tuning needle valve shall be inspected regularly and kept
clean.
7.1.4 Inspect whether the upper and lower rubber pads holding the sample tube are in good
condition, and ensure that there is no air leakage; otherwise, the rubber pads shall be replaced
in time.
7.1.5 Inspect whether the position requirements of the support column for pressing the sample
are appropriate, that is, the distance between the plane of the rack and the upper plane of the
support rod of the base shall be kept equal to the total thickness of two porous plugs and two
pieces of fast filter paper; at this time, the particle size indicator needle on the rack just points
to the baseline of the reading plate.
7.1.6 Inspect whether the desiccant is effective (if using color-changing silica gel, it shall
remain blue).
7.1.7 Regularly inspect the air pump and add lubricating oil.
7.1.8 Turn on the power and allow the instrument to warm up for more than 20 min.
7.1.9 Inspect the zero position of the pressure gauge: move the rack down to align the particle
size indicator needle with the baseline of the reading plate; then turn the water level adjustment
knob of the pressure gauge to align the water level meniscus with the upper edge of the beam
of the particle size indicator needle. The adjustment of the pressure gauge shall be carried out
before the operation of the instrument. After the adjustment is completed, keep it for at least
5min. During the test, because the water is adsorbed in the glass tube of the pressure gauge, the
water level cannot return to the zero point, which is a normal phenomenon. Therefore, each
time the zero point of the water level is inspected, the instrument shall be left vacant for more
than 15 min. After adjusting the zero point of the water level, the instrument shall be re-
calibrated.
7.1.10 Inspect the water level line of the steady pressure tube: Set the shift valve to the low
gear; install the empty sample tube between the rubber pads on the right side of the support
column; adjust the regulator valve; and control the bubbling speed of the vertical tube in the
steady pressure tube to 2 ~ 3 bubbles per second. Keep the inlet pressure at
50.0cmH2O±0.4cmH2O. The water level of the pressure gauge rises gradually; and the height
of the water level reached within 1min~2min shall be 25cm. The water level marking line in
the steady pressure tube can only be used as a reference, and cannot be used as the basis for the
pressure calibration of the steady pressure tube.
7.1.11 Abrasion of the sample tube may lead to erroneous results. When such a situation is
suspected, a spare tube that has not been used shall replace the sample tube, and the
measurement shall be repeated. If the sample tube is obviously worn or scratched, it shall be
discarded immediately. The inner diameter of the sample tube can be inspected regularly with
an inner micrometer, and the inner diameter shall be 12.70mm ± 0.05mm.
7.1.12 Inspect the handwheel with a pressure calibrator (equivalent device) at least once a
8.2 The determination of the Fisher number and the calibration of the instrument shall be
performed by the same person.
8.3 After the instrument is calibrated, adjust the shift valve to the desired position.
8.4 Put a filter paper on one end of the sample tube; use a porous plug to press the end with
holes into the sample tube together with the filter paper; and then put the porous plug in the
sample tube on top of the support column of the Fischer sub-sieve sizer until it is the same
height of the support column; and then place the sample tube upright on the rubber support seat;
keeping the filter paper above the porous plug.
8.5 Take a sample equal to the true density of the powder, accurate to 0.01g.
8.6 With the help of the funnel, pour the weighed sample into the sample tube; tap the edge of
the sample tube and the funnel to make the powder sample completely pour into the sample
tube; then put another piece of filter paper on the mouth of the sample tube and press it into
another porous plug; and they shall enter into sample tube together until completely submerged.
8.7 Put the sample tube on the support column under the rack and pinion, and the lower porous
plug is in contact with the upper edge of the support column.
8.8 Drop the rack until the bottom plane of the rack is in contact with the porous plug above
the sample tube; turn the handle; apply pressure; and compact the sample. Until the pressure
value rises to 222N (50l bf), repeat the force three times to the maximum pressure value; remove
the pressure. After the last maximum pressure is applied, inspect the rack to ensure that it does
not move up when the force is withdrawn. Move the reading plate of particle size so that the
particle size indicator needle coincides with the height line of the sample. After that, the reading
plate of particle size shall not be touched again until the test is completed; and record the
porosity indicated by the porosity indicator needle.
8.9 Remove the sample tube; at this time, the sample tube should not vibrate, lay flat or upside
down. Clamp the sample tube between the rubber pads on the right side of the support column;
and clamp the sample tube tightly to ensure that both ends of the sample tube are sealed and
airtight.
8.10 At this time, the liquid level in the pressure gauge tube gradually rises; maintains for at
least 5min; and rises to a maximum value. Read the Fisher number of the particle size indicator
needle on the reading plate; record the measurement results and the ambient temperature.
8.11 Remove the sample tube and take out the porous plug from the sample tube.
9 Test Data Processing
9.1 Weigh two samples for measurement; and take the arithmetic mean of the two
measurements as the result. Test reports for the supplied powder samples include the results of
two measurements, both performed on the same sample; while recording the porosity and Fisher
...... Source: Above contents are excerpted from the PDF -- translated/reviewed by: www.chinesestandard.net / Wayne Zheng et al.
|