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GB/T 1174-2022 English PDF (GB/T 1174-1992)

GB/T 1174-2022_English: PDF (GB/T1174-2022)
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GB/T 1174-2022English290 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Cast bearing alloy Valid GB/T 1174-2022
GB/T 1174-1992English420 Add to Cart 0--9 seconds. Auto-delivery Cast bearing metals Obsolete GB/T 1174-1992


BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 1174-2022 (GB/T1174-2022)
Description (Translated English) Cast bearing alloy
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J31
Classification of International Standard 77.150.99
Word Count Estimation 18,146
Date of Issue 2022-10-14
Date of Implementation 2022-10-12
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB/T 1174-1992
Drafting Organization Ningbo Zhengyuan Copper Alloy Co., Ltd., Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Harbin Electric Machinery Factory Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yongcheng Machinery Co., Ltd., Huzhou Sanduo Bearing Co., Ltd., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Nantong Hongjin Metal Aluminum Co., Ltd., Chiping Xinfa Aluminum Products Co., Ltd., Shanxi Ruige Metal New Material Co., Ltd., Ningbo Branch of China Academy of Ordnance Science, Guangdong Yangshan United Precision Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shenyang Foundry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Yantai Standard Metrology Inspection and Testing Center , Shenyang University of Technology, Dongfeng (Shiyan) Nonferrous Casting Co., Ltd., CITIC Dicastal Co., Ltd.
Administrative Organization National Foundry Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 54)
Proposing organization National Foundry Standardization Technical Committee (SAC/TC 54)
Issuing agency(ies) State Administration for Market Regulation, National Standardization Management Committee

BASIC DATA
Standard ID GB/T 1174-1992 (GB/T1174-1992)
Description (Translated English) Cast bearing metals
Sector / Industry National Standard (Recommended)
Classification of Chinese Standard J31
Classification of International Standard 77.140.20
Word Count Estimation 16,139
Date of Issue 1992/11/5
Date of Implementation 1993/10/1
Older Standard (superseded by this standard) GB 1174-1974
Quoted Standard GB 228; GB 231; GB 1173; GB 1176; GB 1198; GB 3260.1~3260.9; GB 4103.1~4103.12; GB 8002; YB 55,
Drafting Organization Machinery and electronics industry, Shenyang Institute of Foundry
Administrative Organization Machinery and electronics industry, Shenyang Institute of Foundry
Proposing organization People Republic of China Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry
Issuing agency(ies) State Bureau of Technical Supervision
Summary This standard specifies the cast tin-based, lead, copper, technical requirements and inspection rules aluminum bearing alloys. This standard applies to the manufacture of tin-based, lead-based bi-metal sliding bearings and copper, aluminum alloy overall sliding bearings.


GB/T 1174-2022 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 77.150.99 CCS J 31 Replacing GB/T 1174-1992 Cast bearing alloy ISSUED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022 IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 12, 2022 Issued by: State Administration for Market Regulation; Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Table of Contents Foreword ... 3 1 Scope ... 5 2 Normative references ... 5 3 Terms and definitions ... 8 4 Alloy designations and codes ... 8 5 Technical requirements ... 9 6 Test methods ... 16 7 Inspection rules ... 17 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and quality certificate ... 18 Appendix A (Normative) Test pieces for hardness inspection of tin-based, lead-based bearing alloys ... 19 Cast bearing alloy 1 Scope This document specifies the cast bearing alloy designations and codes, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation, storage and quality certificates. This document applies to cast tin-based, lead-based, copper-based and aluminum-based bimetallic plain bearings, as well as copper-based, zinc-based and aluminum-based alloy integral plain bearings. 2 Normative references The following documents are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the version corresponding to that date is applicable to this document; for undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document. GB/T 228.1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature GB/T 231.1, Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test - Part 1: Test method GB/T 1173, Casting aluminium alloy GB/T 1175, Casting zinc alloys GB/T 1176, Casting copper and copper alloys GB/T 5121.1, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 1: Determination of copper content GB/T 5121.2, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 2: Determination of phosphorus content GB/T 5121.3, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 3: Determination of lead content GB/T 5121.4, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 4: Determination of carbon and sulfur content GB/T 5121.5, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 5: Determination of nickel content GB/T 5121.6, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 6: Determination of bismuth content GB/T 5121.7, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 7: Determination of arsenic content GB/T 5121.9, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 9: Determination of iron content GB/T 5121.10, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 10: Determination of tin content GB/T 5121.11, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 11: Determination of zinc content GB/T 5121.12, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 12: Determination of antimony content GB/T 5121.13, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 13: Determination of aluminium content GB/T 5121.23, Methods for chemical analysis of copper and copper alloys - Part 23: Determination of silicon content GB/T 5611, Foundry terminology GB/T 8063, Designation of cast nonferrous metals and their alloys GB/T 8888, Wrought heavy non-ferrous metal products - packing, marking, transportation, storing and certificate of quality GB/T 12689.1, Methods for chemical analysis of zinc and zinc alloys - Part 1: Determination of aluminum content – Chrome azurol S-polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether-ethyl pyridine bromine spectrophotometry, Chrome azurol S spectrophotometric method and EDTA titrimetry GB/T 12689.3, The methods for chemical analysis of zinc and zinc alloys - The determination of cadmium content - The flame atomic absorption spectrometric method GB/T 12689.4, The methods for chemical analysis of zinc and zinc alloys - The determination of copper content - The lead diethyldithio-carbamate spectrophotometric method and the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method and the electrolytic method GB/T 12689.5, The methods for chemical analysis of zinc and zinc alloys - The determination of iron content - The sulfosalicylic acid spectrometric method and the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method YS/T 475.1, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of tin content - Potassium iodate titrimetric method YS/T 475.2, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of lead content - EDTA titrimetric method YS/T 475.3, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of antimony content - Cerium sulfate titrimetric method YS/T 475.4, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of copper content - Hyposulphite titrimetric method YS/T 475.5, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of arsenic content - Molybdoantimonyarsenate blue spectrophotometric method YS/T 475.6, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of aluminium content – Chrome azurol S spectrophotometric method YS/T 475.7, Methods for chemical analysis of cast bearing metals - Determination of lead, copper, iron, bismuth, zinc, cadmium, content - AAS method 3 Terms and definitions Terms and definitions determined by GB/T 5611 are applicable to this document. 4 Alloy designations and codes 4.1 Representation of alloy designations The cast bearing alloy designations shall be represented in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 8063. 4.2 Alloy casting method codes S – sand casting; J – permanent mold casting; Li – centrifugal casting. 4.3 Alloy heat treatment state codes T5 – solution treatment plus incomplete artificial aging. 6.1.2.2 When the analysis results are in dispute, arbitration shall be carried out according to GB/T 5121.1~5121.7, GB/T 5121.9~5121.13 and GB/T 5121.23. 6.1.3 Composition analysis of zinc-based bearing alloy 6.1.3.1 The composition analysis of zinc-based bearing alloy shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 12689.1 and GB/T 12689.3~12689.10. Where analytical precision is guaranteed, other detection methods are allowed. 6.1.3.2 When the analysis results are in dispute, arbitration shall be carried out according to GB/T 12689.1 and GB/T 12689.3~12689.10. 6.1.4 Composition analysis of aluminum-based bearing alloy 6.1.4.1 The composition analysis of aluminum-based bearing alloy shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 20975.3~20975.5, GB/T 20975.7, GB/T 20975.8, GB/T 20975.10, GB/T 20975.12, GB/T 20975.14 and GB/T 20975.16. Where analytical precision is guaranteed, other detection methods are allowed. 6.1.4.2 When the analysis results are in dispute, arbitration shall be carried out according to GB/T 20975.3~20975.5, GB/T 20975.7, GB/T 20975.8, GB/T 20975.10, GB/T 20975.12, GB/T 20975.14 and GB/T 20975.16. 6.2.1 Mechanical properties 6.2.1 The tensile test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 228.1. 6.2.2 The hardness test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 231.1. 6.2.3 The compression test shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB/T 16748. 7 Inspection rules 7.1 Batch Bearing alloys are generally batched according to the smelting furnace. In the case of stable production (stable personnel, raw materials, smelting process, test methods, inspection and other procedures), the same alloy smelted in one work shift and in different furnaces can also be regarded as one batch. 7.2 Sampling method 7.2.1 The test piece can be taken from the casting body or from a single-cast test piece cast at the same time. The casting-mold conditions of the single-cast test pieces shall be the same as those of the product castings, and the heat treatment of the test pieces shall be carried out in the same heat treatment process as that of the same batch of castings. 7.2.2 Mechanical property and chemical composition inspection shall be carried out in batches, and one sample in each batch shall be inspected. 7.2.3 For the chemical composition inspection, only the main elements are required for analysis, and the content of other elements can be randomly checked according to the requirements of the purchaser. 7.3 Judgment and re-inspection 7.3.1 Where the chemical composition fails the first test, it is allowed to inspect two more test pieces; if the analysis results meet the requirements, judge the batch of alloy to be qualified, otherwise, judge it as unqualified. 7.3.2 During the mechanical property inspection, inspect one sample for the first time. If the inspection result meets the standard requirements, judge this batch of alloy to qualified; if not, it is allowed to inspect two more test pieces for the corresponding items. If the analysis results meet the requirements, judge the batch of alloy as qualified, otherwise, judge it as unqualified. 7.3.3 Where the sample has casting defects, or the inspection result is unqualified due to the failure of the test itself, it is an invalid test and will not be counted in the number of inspections. Replace the test pieces for a re-inspection. 7.3.4 When the hardness of the test piece is unqualified, it is allowed to take castings of the same batch for retesting, where the number of castings to be sampled shall not be less than five. If there are less than five castings in the same batch, inspect all of them. Where the hardness of any casting is unqualified in the re-inspection of the selected castings, the batch of castings shall be inspected one by one. 8 Marking, packaging, transportation, storage and quality certificate The marking, packaging, transportation, storage and quality certificate of the product shall comply with the provisions of GB/T 8888. ......


GB/T 1174-1992 GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA UDC 669.018.24:621.74 J 31 GB/T 1174-92 Cast bearing metals APPROVED ON: NOVEMBER 05, 1992 IMPLEMENTED ON: OCTOBER 01, 1993 Issued by: State Bureau of Technical Supervision Table of Contents 1 Subject contents and scope of application ... 3  2 Normative references ... 3  3 Representation of alloy designation ... 3  4 Technical requirements ... 4  5 Test methods and inspection rules ... 6  Appendix A (Informative) Bimetallic sliding bearing - Bonding test - Ultrasonic testing for bonding defects of bearing alloy layer of not less than 2 mm thickness ... 10  Appendix B (Informative) Bimetallic sliding bearing - Bonding test - Determination of the bonding strength of the bearing alloy layer with a thickness of not less than 2 mm ... 16  Additional information: ... 20  NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Cast bearing metals 1 Subject contents and scope of application This standard specifies the technical requirements and inspection rules, for cast tin-based, lead-based, copper-based, aluminum-based bearing alloys. This standard applies to the manufacture of tin-based, lead-based bimetallic sliding bearings, AND copper-based and aluminum-based alloy integral sliding bearings. 2 Normative references GB 228 Metallic materials - Tensile testing at ambient temperature GB 231 Metallic materials - Brinell hardness test GB 1173 Casting aluminum alloys - Technical specifications GB 1176 Specification for cast copper alloys GB 1198 Methods for chemical analysis of aluminum GB 3260.1 ~ 3260.9 Methods for chemical analysis of tin GB 4103.1 ~ 4103.12 Methods for chemical analysis of lead and lead alloys GB 8002 Methods for chemical analysis of tin bronze YB 55 Methods for chemical analysis of aluminum bronze 3 Representation of alloy designation The designation of cast bearing alloy is composed of the chemical symbols, of the base metal elements AND the main alloying elements. The main alloying element is followed by a number, which indicates its nominal percentage content (the nominal percentage content is the rounded value of the average percentage content of the element). If the nominal percentage content of GB/T 1174-92 Replacing GB 1174-74 5 Test methods and inspection rules 5.1 Chemical composition 5.1.1 The inspection of the chemical composition of alloy shall be carried out, in accordance with the requirements of GB 3260.1 ~ GB 3260.9, GB 4103.1 ~ 4103.12, GB 8002, YB 55. Under the condition of ensuring the accuracy of the analysis, it is allowed to use other methods. When there is a dispute, the chemical analysis method shall be used for arbitration. 5.1.2 For the chemical composition inspection, it shall be carried out, according to each smelting furnace OR according to the requirements of the purchaser. Chemical composition specimens can be taken from castings (including the attached specimen of castings). 5.1.3 For the inspection of chemical composition, a specimen is sent for the first time. If the analysis result meets the requirements of Table 1, the alloy's chemical composition is qualified. If it does not meet the requirements of Table 1, it is allowed to send another specimen. If the analysis result meets the requirements of Table 1, the chemical composition of alloy of the smelting furnace is qualified; otherwise, it is unqualified. 5.1.4 For the inspection of chemical composition, it may only analyze the main elements. For the content of other elements, it can be spot-checked as required by the purchaser. 5.2 Mechanical performance 5.2.1 For cast bearing alloys, only the as-cast (F) mechanical properties are tested. The values are as shown in Table 2. 5.2.2 For the testing of mechanical properties of the alloy, based on each smelting furnace, one specimen (or a test block) shall be sent for the first time, to determine the mechanical properties. If it meets the requirements of Table 2, the mechanical properties of the alloy of this furnace are qualified. If it does not meet the requirements of Table 2, it is allowed to take two more specimens (or two test blocks), for inspection again. If both specimens (or two test blocks) are qualified, the mechanical properties of the alloy of this furnace are qualified; otherwise, the mechanical properties of the alloy of this furnace are unqualified. 5.2.3 When a single casting specimen is found, by naked eyes, to have casting defects, OR the inspection result is unqualified due to the failure of the test itself, it may not be counted in the number of inspections. Replace the specimen; re- submit it for inspection. 5.2.4 In the case of stable production (including: the stability of raw materials, Appendix A (Informative) Bimetallic sliding bearing - Bonding test - Ultrasonic testing for bonding defects of bearing alloy layer of not less than 2 mm thickness This Appendix refers to ISO 4386/1 (1982 edition). A1 Scope of application This Appendix specifies the ultrasonic testing method for the bonding defect, BETWEEN the bearing alloy AND the backing (i.e., bonding-off). The backing material is steel, copper alloy or cast iron, on which a lead-based or tin-based bearing metal, which has a thickness of not less than 2 mm, is casted. This Appendix only describes the pulse echo of the sound wave, which is input from the surface of the bearing alloy layer, that is, the sound energy, which is reflected from the bonding surface, is used to determine the quality of the bonding. A2 Symbol The following symbols are used in this Appendix: IS: Input signal BE: Bonding echo WE: Back wall echo RE: Datum echo (or reference echo). A3 Testing equipment The ultrasonic device used for testing shall have an amplifier, which uses decibel (dB) as the scale, whose measurement range can be adjusted. Under normal circumstances, it shall use a standard design transducer, which has a diameter of 10 ~ 30 mm AND a frequency of 2 MHz. Only when the resolution cannot meet the requirements, it shall use a high frequency transducer, such as 4 MHz, OR a dual crystal transducer. The measurement range on the screen can be adjusted by a standard specimen, for example, using a stepped specimen to adjust. Within the measurement range, at least two echoes shall be displayed. The material and thickness of the standard specimen shall be the same as the actual bearing. bonding, BETWEEN the bearing alloy AND the backing, does not meet the requirements. If there is no back wall echo, BUT only repeated (at least three) combined echoes, it means that, there is no bonding, as shown in Figure A2. During the testing process, both of these results indicate the existence of bonding defects. When the backing is thick and small, OR when a dual crystal transducer is used, due to the dispersion of the sound beam OR the weakening of the sound wave, even if the bonding is good, the back wall echo will be smaller than the combined echo. At this time, the ratio of the height between the two echoes of the ideal bonding to the defective bonding, shall be determined by the use of a standard specimen. A6.1.2 Perform the testing, based on the reduction in the height of back wall echo. Use a standard steel test block to calibrate the testing equipment. Install the test block on the tested bearing, to obtain at least two echoes. The first echo is adjusted to 3/4 of the screen height. The lateral magnification shall be adjusted, to facilitate the display of the total wall thickness; the bonding defect or the backing material defect may be indicated, by the position of the intermediate wave, before the first back wall echo. The severity of the defect can be judged, by the reduction of the height of back wall echo. Refer to Figure A3 and Figure A4. For example, in the bearing evaluation process, the echo height of the more significant defects is not more than 50% of the screen height. A6.2 Testing of non-back wall echo Use the reference echo of the standard specimen (same thickness, same bearing alloy, backing material), to test the bonding. Adjust the reference echo to 80% of the screen height. Refer to Figure A5 and Figure A7. When the first combined echo is smaller than the reference echo, as shown in Figure A6, it is proved that the bonding is good. When the first echo, which is reflected from the bonding area, is equal to the reference echo, it indicates that there is a certain bonding defect, as shown in Figure A8. There is also a misunderstanding, that is, if there is looseness, in the area close to the bonding defect, it is often regarded as a bonding defect. A7 Calibration of bonding defects Generally, calibration is required for bonding defects, which are equal to or greater than one-half of the diameter of the transducer. A7.1 Calibration of defect range If possible, it shall indicate the boundary of the defect range. The boundary, BETWEEN the bonding AND the non-bonding, can be determined by the center position of the transducer. For isolated point defects, it is expressed as one-half The markings of test levels and defect groups in this Appendix are as follows: For example, if the test is level 2 AND the defect group is C, it is marked as GB/T 1174/T-2C. A9 Test report The test report can be written, through negotiation, between the supplier and the buyer. The test report shall include the following: a. The size and material of the sliding bearing; b. The thickness of the alloy layer of tested sliding bearing; c. The testing equipment; d. The model and size of the transducer; e. The test frequency; f. The magnification, range g. Standard (reference) specimen (size and material); h. Marking of the location and size of the defect, in the drawing on the bearing surface; i. The test date, bearing manufacturer. ......

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